Gary neglects to tell his readers that Pope Boniface VIII was no less a murderous monster than were so many of his fellow popes. He fought wars to gain and keep the papacy; he had both a mother and her daughter as his mistresses; he sacked Palestrina, Italy, massacring its entire populace of nearly 6000, smashing everything but the cathedral and sowing its fields with salt. So evil was he that Dante’s Inferno buried Boniface facedown in a rocky fissure in the depths of hell.