Einstein declared that matter cannot arrange itself into information. Obviously, as Massimo Pigliucci, Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the State University of New York, points out, “crystals don’t really have a metabolism.” For that reason, they could play no part in the formation of life. Furthermore, as biophysicist and biology/natural philosophy professor Harold J. Morowitz has explained, “The recipe for a crystal is already present in the solution it grows from—the crystal lattice is prescribed by the structure of the molecules that compose it. The formation of crystals is the straightforward result of chemical and physical laws that do not evolve and that are, compared to genetic programs, very simple.”